Rural biodiversity is significantly affected worldwide by decisions concerning the structural development of global food services and the choices of raw material production for food by choice of diet. To enhance biodiversity and promote its value, optimal choices might be based on selecting diet according to available plant raw materials and supplementing it with animal-based products from extensive or organic production. This type of diet would benefit not only biodiversity but also social sustainability and human health. The basic theoretical structures underlying biodiversity and socio-economic sustainability are surprisingly analogical, including issues such as ecological and socio-economic edges, resilience, networking, niches and cluster theory. In nature biodiversity enhances new combinations; in society, diversity forms a base for initiation of new ideas and enhances innovations. In the context of an immediate need for alternative raw materials, diversity might even balance the increase in costs. The just-in-space approach has been shown to facilitate public action in support of social sustainability and environmental conservation. If carefully implemented, this approach could form a basis for linking biodiversity with commodity markets. The theme of adaptive mosaic in the Millennium ecology approach represents a good framework for supporting rural biodiversity.