This paper is the final report of a five-year research project concerning stand treatment alternatives as are implemented in modern-day Finnish silviculture. The various alternatives and their consequences are discussed mainly on the basis of older and more recent research results. The rapid and at time abrupt changes in silvicultural practices in the 1990 s necessitated this research project. It was thought that new research is not able to sufficiently quickly provide all the decision-making support needed. Consequently, in order to avoid making far-reaching mistakes, it was decided to review and bring together all existing knowledge applicable in the new situation.

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